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No. 474,636. Patented May 10, 1892.

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UNITED STATES JAMES HOGARTH, OF KIRKOALDY, SCOTLAND.

PATENT OFFICE.

MECHANISM FOR TESTING AND RECORDING-THE PROPERTIES OF FLOUR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 474,636, dated May 10', 1892.

Application filed August 6, 1890. Serial No. 361,216- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J AMES HOGARTH, miller and corn merchant, of West Mills, Kirkcaldy, Fifeshire, Scotland, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, have invented a Mechanism for Testing and Graphically Recording the Properties of Flour, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to and comprises a new or improved combination of appliances for mechanically testing and sampling different qualities of fiour and graphically indicating and recording the various characteristics or properties of thedifierent fiours tested, such as the power of the flour to absorb water to yield a dough of a given consistency, the actual consistency of the dough in a kneadingmachine, the proportional strain or power required to drive the kneading-machine after the sample of flour and water has been placed therein, the amount of bread each sack of flour will yield, and the quality of the gluten entering into the composition of any given sample of fiou r. These operations are effected under my invention by a combination of mechanism and mechanical movements and graphically recorded, as hereinafter described, by diagram lines or figures traced on lined paper, the spaced lines on the paper in the one or transverse direction indicating the quantity of water used in a given time and the spaced lines in the other or longitudinal direction at right angles to the former lines indicating the power or proportional power exerted in pounds pressure in mixing the flour and kneading the mixture or dough at the various times, and in order to enable others skilled in the art to which my invention relates to understand how it may be carried into practice I have hereunto appended explanatorydrawings,in which the same reference-letters are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown.

Figures 1 and 1, when the two figures are placed together'so that the line A B of Fig. 1 coincides with the line A B on Fig. 1, show a general plan view with the dynamometer D on the shafts C C and water-cylinder B in horizontal section, showing one construction or combination of the parts of the machine or mechanism in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a front side elevation corresponding to Figs. 1 and 1 but with the bell driving-pulleys C O removed; and Fig. 3 is a transverse section of the indicating mechanism and diagram-card barrel F, as taken on the lines 3 3 on Fig 2. Figs. 4. and 5 show part of two diagram-cards X X as graphically taken on the indicator-barrel Ffrom different samples of flour-dough in accordance with those movements. The small transverse lines and divsions to indicate pressure from the zero-line O upward from the left to the right hand sides of the figures in pounds or other measures of weight, while the Wide divisions and lines y in the opposite or longitudinal direction indicate the quantity of water used during a given time or part of a revolution of the indicator-barrel F. Fig. 6 is a sectional end elevation of the machine shown in Figs. 1, 1 and 2, and as taken near the line 6 6 on Figs. 1 and 1". Fig. 7is atransverse section through the dynamometer on the line 7 7 of and at right angles to Fig. 6. Figs. 8 and 9 show a sectional side elevation and transverse section, respectively, at right another modification of the dynamometer D from that shown in the former figures and in which spur-gearing is substituted for bevelgearing. Fig. 10 shows aplan view of amodification in which the dynamometer D is made to differentially move the barrel F and card X of the diagram proportionate to the toughness of the dough and the pencil regularly. bythe angles to each other through the center of consist, first, of a small mechanical kneading vessel or machine A, of any ordinary construc- IOO tion, bolted by a flanged bracket A to the main end frame A secured below to the main soleplate A and carrying the bearing-brackets A of the shafts O C. The dough-mixerAis fitted preferably with two revolving helical or the water is fed gradually in by the small pi pe b at a slow uniform rate,preferably from the deliter-y end I) .of a new or improved arting-spindle b rangeme-nt of feeder. This feederis made in 1 the form of a cylinder B, carried in the brackets B upfrom thebase-plate A and the-cylinder may be filled by the stand-pipe and filler b provided'with a stop-cock. The cylinder B is fitted with a traversing piston =l3', reciprocated in thecylinder B at a slow uniform rate, as by the screw-spindle B of the piston B, traversed by a screw nut or pin-ion, with teeth 11 on its outer circumference, fitted on the outer end of thecylinder B and gearing into a pinion 19 near one end of a transmitting-spindle b carried in bearings parallel to and in the samestandards B whichcarry th-e'Water-cylinder B.

i ts'otherend fro-m the disengaging transmitby a screw and screw-wheel c o from the first-motion shaft 0, driven at a uniform, orit I might bedifferential, speed from the fast-and loose belt-pulleys C C, mounted on its outer free end. The outer surface of the Water-cyl- 'in'der B :(or an index-plate at the side of it) might be marked with divisions to indicate the qilan'tit-y of Water delivered du ring an y given time and motion and position of the piston in its cylinder byapointer on the spindle B", or

the divisions might be fixedon the spindle 13"" and have the pointer stationary. The Water would be fed from this cylinder B by the pipe I),

as before stated, in among the flour of the kneading-machine A to form the dough. The

one spindle aof the knead-ing-machineAwould preferably be driven direct or otherwise from the second spindle 0' through the wheels d d 01 of the dynamometer D and actuated, as

hereinafter described, by the firstmotion-pulley-shaf t O.

' driven spindleG, and bevel-pinions d ol gear into these wheels d d on opposite sides,

. mounted loose on the transverse spindle d,

secured in the .center ofthe dynamomet-er D at right angles to "the-said two spindles C O 1 between their ends, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7 The one end of the cord D is attached to the upper part of the circumference of-the This spindle-b is actuated by the spur-wheels 11"" at This spindle b is actuated the spring E is mounted, as shown particularly in Fig. 2, or a differential weighted lever might be used instead of the spring E, but in either case so arranged that the cord D will reciprocate a recording-pencil or markingpointer e, so as to give it an equal travel for each increment of weight in pounds draft on the cord D. As will be seen particularly in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, the upper part of the cord D, which actuates the pencil, is attached to r a screw-clip e sliding in the inside of a slit in the upper part of the tube D and gripped to'the slide-block e traveling on the outside of the tube D and carrying the spring-arm e of the pencil e, hinged to one side of the slideblock e a correspondingarm e 'beinghinged in like manner to the opposite side :of the slide-block a A small pulley e or other equivalent is mounted on its upper extremity, rolling on theoutside of the indicator-barrel F-opposite to the pencil e, the two arms 6' e" being gently pulled together by a spring e attached to them by a small link spindle e mounted through a slot in the arm e, so'that as this spindle-e is turned it may free the pencil e by folding down its arm 6 on its hinge or hold it up to mark on the paper when the machineis started tomakeadiagram,asindicated in this position in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. Instead, however, of the marking metallic pointer or pencil 6 shown, a set of small markinginkingrollers might be mounted in the upper end of the arm '6, as indicated at 6 in Fig. 3, .to roll along and mark the paper in an equivalent manner to the marking-pencil 6. oil is capable of being turned to act andmark on the lined sheet of paper X, mounted on the indicator-barrel F, the pencil traversing in this case to and froin the longitudinal direction of the barrel, as indicated by the doubleheaded arrows e in Figs. 1 and 2, across the division-line 00, indicating poundspressure-on the paper, according to the power transmitted through the 'dynamometer D in driving the.

kneading-machine A during the time when the water has flowed regularly or differentially onto the flour from the cylinder B, as before described;

The barrel F for receiving the diagram-pa- This pen- IIO' per is mounted by end journals on its spindle F at the upper end of standard-brackets F projecting up from the sole-plate A parallel to and over the spring-tube D It is actu ated at a uniform slow speed by the wheel F onits one end and a pinion and wheel F F carried on a stud-bracket at F, the wheel 75 end of the tube D in the lower part of which F being actuated by a pinion F mounted on the engaging and disengaging shaft 5 which also actuates the wheel b of the spindle b of the water-supply cylinder B. The spindle b, which is actuated from the screw and screw-wheel c c of the first-motion shaft 0, has its inner journal end mounted in a weighted eccentric bearing-lever 0 carried in a bracket 0", so that when this weighted lever 0 falls down on the sole-plate A it disengages the pinion F b, respectively, actuating the gearing of the diagram-barrel F, and the gearing b' b b b of the cylinder 13 and piston B, supplying the water to the kneading-machine A. After the diagram-paper X has been mounted on thebarrelF thisweighted lever c is lifted up by the attendant into the position shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 6 to put the gearings of the barrel F and of the water-cylinder B into action. The weighted lever is retained by a ca ch 0 on its lower inner end engaging the shorter arm 0 of a two-armed lever, Figs. 1, 2, and 6, fulcrumed on a fixed stud at 0 with its long arm 0 projecting up nearly vertical, all so that the pulling or pushing forward of the upper arm a of this lever disengages the eccentric-lever c c", which by its weight falls down and stops the motion of the said gearing of the barrel F and watersupply cylinder B B when the diagram has been taken. This disengaging may be made automatic when desired, as by securing a pro jecting pin 0 on the barrel F, which, as it comes round, would press out the lever a just before makinga full revolution of the barrel F and its diagram-card, as seen dotted in this disengaged stopped position in Fig. 6. A diagram-sheet X, ruled as described in reference to and shown in Figs. 4 and 5, is wound round the barrel F and secured by longitudinal spring or other clips at its ends, or it might be rubber or other spring hoops at X near its ends.

The barrel F, with the paper on it, when put into gear by lifting the weighted eccentric-lever c and setting the belt on the fast pulley 0 as before described, would thus be turned at a uniform rate proportionate to the transverse lines y y and divisions on it in the circumferential direction, indicating the water added to the flour in the kneadingmachine A during that time. Thus the pencil e would trace on the paper a graphical diagram running up from the zero-line 0 at e in irregular ti me to the greatest power and pressure required to mix the flour with the quantity of water absorbed at the same time, as indicated at m m" in Figs. 1, 2, 4, and 5, and trace the curved line down again from the maximum at" and finish the diagram on the return-line 00 :0 as indicated by the darts e in these figures. dough would be shown by the height of the diagram on the line a: a; from the zero-line 0 at any given time during the operation to be able to compare these graphic diagrams. given The stiffness of the by the ditferent qualities of flour, two such different diagrams being shown in Figs. and 5.

My improved simplification of the dynamometer (shown in section in Figs. 1, 6, and 7, and applicable to these flour-testing machines) consists in mounting, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, instead of bevel-wheels, as heretofore, two spur-wheels d 61', preferably an external-toothed pinion d and'internal-toothed wheel 01', respectively, on the adjacent ends of the two spindles O 0 within the dynamometer D. These actuate two short spurwheels 01 (1 mounted on loose short parallel spindles cl", radially opposite each other within the dynamometer D, the cord D of which would be counterweighted by a helical spring E, or it might be an accumulative weight, which, as before stated, would give to the pencil or marking-pointer e an equal travel for each pound pressure or increment of weight. This new or improved arrangement and combination of appliances I term a graphic flour-indicator, but the same arrangement might be applied on a large scale to bakers kneading-machines generally to show the actual consistencyof the dough,

which at present is generally guessed at.

For testing the quality of gluten in the flour I use a second diagram made from a sample of the same flour or of a previouslytreated sample, taken as before described, and after adding the quantity of water necessary to hydrate any given sample of flour to its maximum point of hydration I note the loss of tenacity during a long test, say six to twenty-four hours. The new diagram is allowed to revolve continuously and the pencil to describe a line helically around it. The loss in tenacity per'hour or other period of time indicated on the diagram will give the quality of the gluten in the sample.

Referring to the arrangement of my flourtesting mechanism or machine shown in Fig.

10, in which the dynamometer D and its cord D are made to move the diagram-barrel F differentially and in response to theproportion of the power taken to work the kneading-machine A, this being dependent upon the consistency of the dough and regular quantity of cord D passes over the upper part of the dynamometer-drum D and barrel F to turn these in the directions indicated by the arrows against the power of the spring E, mounted.

round the under side of an enlarged part of the spindle F of the barrel F to turn the barrel F and the dynamometer D in the opposite direction to the motive power. Thus then the card X for taking the diagram on in this case would be ruled in the opposite manner to that shown in Figs. 4 and 5that is to say,

the Ifine lines and divisions a; would be ruled I longitudinally and the wide lines and divisions y would be ruled circumferentiallyand the pencil e in this case is mounted on a screw-spindle f, carried in bearing-brackets,

from the standards F actuated by engaging and disengaging bevel-Wheels at f on a spindlef mounted in bearing-bra k and actuated by a screw and worm-wheel c c on the first-motion shaft 0, so as to traverse the pencil e equal distances for equal times and revolutions of this shaft 0 and regularor difcurvilineal lines m w" 00 m of the diagram axle F. Referring to Figs. 11 and 12, the driving "derG, also at a regular proportionate rate,-

ferential supply of water to the kneadingmachine A, producing the rising and falling X in the circumferential direction shown in Fig. 10, instead of in the longitudinal direction as shown and described in reference to Figs. 1, 4, and 5. Otherwise the results and advantages would be substantially the same. However, instead of using a helical spring E in this ar angement a strong coiled spiral or lvolute spring might be mounted in the barrel F or in a special barrel attached to its mechanismof thedynamometer D and kneading-machine A and barrel F are all substantially the same as described in reference to Figs. 1 to 7, and lettered to correspond, buthaving here'applieda more simple modification of the means of supplying and regulating a uniform or differential quantity of water to the kneading-machine A from the Workin g water-cylinder B B and screw-wheel gearingshown and described in reference to the.

first machine, Figs. 1 to 3, while taking the diagram. This modification consists of a vertical cylindrical water-vessel G G, closed at the bottom -G, but open at the top G, erected on a bracket at G on the frame A carrying the kneading-machine A. The vessel is filled with water before starting up to the level of the tube 1), supplying the water to the machine A. This water-cylinder G has mounted inits upper part a solid metal plunger G hung and, actuated bya wire or other cord G passed over a guide-pulley G", mounted on the upper end G of the cylinder G and passed round an enlarged part of the spindle F of the barrel F, so that as this-is slowly turned in the direction of the arrows on it the weighted plunger G descends at a slow uniform rate proportionate to the turning of the barrel F, displacing the water in the cylinand delivering it regularly to the kneadingmachine A by the tube 1), as before described; or it might-be differentially by varying the shape of the:displacing-plunger G as indicated which'means' fi-supplying the water or any equivalentarrangement maybe employed in any of the dynamometers and diagram-barrel arrangements of these flour-testing machines,

e, otted lines g. orotherwise, and

and although the plunger G is here shown re- :ciprocated by acord wound round the spindle F of the barrel Fit might be actuated from itpositively in both directions by a rack and pinion'or other equivalent mechanical motion. An index might be engraved either on the plunger Gioron the upper outer part of the case G, with a pointer on the plunger G the water being filled in at the open cup part 9 G -Figs. 13 and 14.- show a mixing machine or trough A with radial arms or mixers a, mounted on the two spindles a a of the mixing-machine in alternate longitudinal planes when they are driven at diiferent speeds by different-sized pinions a a as shown in the former arrangements, the one set of arms working up close to the eyes or ax'leof the work thekneading-machine, and means for automatically supplying water to the flour, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. An appliance for testing and recording the properties of flour, comprising a dynamometer, a kneading-machine, a motive and driven shaft connected with the dynamometer, and a reacting spring E, in combination with a pencil-carrier, a diagram-cylinder, and a water-cylinder, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. 7

3. In an apparatus for testing and recording the properties of flour, the combination of a kneadingmachine, a dynamom-eter, shafts O G and indicating-cylinder forimeasuring the power or strain requisite to drive the kneadingmachine in kneading a given sample of flour and liquid and show theconforth.

4. In an apparatus for testing and recording the properties of flour, the combination of a kneading-machine, with a dynamom-eter provided with spur-gearing, consisting of a central wheel on the driving-shaft, a large internally-toothed wheel on the driven shaft, and intermediate pinions on the dynamometer-case, with a diagram-barrel, a pencil-carrier, and aspring E, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

too

sistency of the dough, substantially as set 5. In an apparatus for testing and recording the properties of flour, the combination of a kneading-machine with a diagram-cylinder, and a water-cylinder providedwit-h a piston, adapted to be moved at a speed proportionate to the speed of the diagram-cylinder, In testimony whereof I have signed my as and for the purposes set forth. name to this specification in the presence of IO 6. In an apparatus for testing the propertwo subscribing Witnesses.

ties of flour, the combination of a kneading- 5 machine, a dynamometer, a spring E, and a JAMES HOGARTH.

pencil-carrier, with a diagram-cylinder, and Witnesses: the diagram X, substantially as and for the R. O. THOMSON,

purposes set forth. THOS. S. DUFFIE. 

